Public Access Policy is Now a Requirement
In accordance with Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ), the NIH voluntary Public Access Policy (NOT-OD-05-022) is now mandatory. The law states:

The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law.

NIH Guide Notice for Public Access Details (January 11, 2008)

$100 MILLION GATES FOUNDATION INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT INNOVATIVE GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH; SIGN UP FOR EMAIL UPDATES AT WWW.GCGH.ORG

Grand Challenges Explorations is a new five-year US$100 million fast-track grants initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to support innovative global health research. The initiative will support hundreds of early-stage research projects pursuing creative concepts for new global health solutions, including vaccines, drugs, diagnostics, and other technologies for health problems disproportionately affecting poor countries.

Projects will initially be funded at the level of US$100,000 each, with the opportunity for additional funding in the future for projects that show promise.